According to analysis, the development of artificial intelligence in China relies on infrastructure built in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, home to the Uyghur minority. The region's land and energy resources, as well as the labor of the local population, are being used to create data centers and computing capabilities necessary for AI technology development. Experts note that this model essentially continues the previous practice of economic exploitation applied by Chinese authorities toward Uyghurs, but adapts it to the needs of the digital economy. The region has long been under close scrutiny by human rights organizations due to reports of forced labor, a large-scale surveillance system, and restrictions on the rights of the local population. The report's authors point out that as China's authorities expand technological infrastructure, they do not provide public information about working conditions and control methods applied to Uyghur workers. This raises concerns in the international community regarding the ethical aspects of AI industry development in the country. The situation in Xinjiang has previously been the subject of investigations by the UN and several Western governments, which have accused Beijing of human rights violations, including forced labor and mass internment of Uyghurs in special camps. Chinese authorities reject these accusations, calling them politically motivated.