In Peru, indigenous residents of the Kutiviren and Oviri communities are actively fighting to preserve their territories in the Amazon basin amid escalating threats of forest fires. The crisis has been exacerbated by an anomalous drought linked to the El Niño climate phenomenon, which causes temperature increases and reduced rainfall in the region. Local communities, who have lived in these forests for centuries and depend on their resources, are taking practical measures to prevent fire from spreading. Residents organize patrols of their territories, create firebreaks, and monitor forest cover conditions, seeking to prevent fires at an early stage. Peru's Amazon forests play an important role in the global ecosystem, serving as one of the planet's largest reservoirs of biodiversity and carbon dioxide sinks. Their destruction by fire threatens not only the loss of unique flora and fauna, but also the aggravation of climate change on a global scale. El Niño is a natural phenomenon that periodically causes warming of surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, which leads to changes in weather conditions worldwide, including intensified droughts in tropical regions of South America. Experts note that such climate anomalies are becoming increasingly frequent and intense, increasing risks to forest ecosystems. Efforts by indigenous communities to protect the Amazon underscore the importance of involving local populations in nature conservation activities. Their deep knowledge of the territory and traditional land management practices are considered a valuable contribution to combating the effects of climate change and preserving one of Earth's most important natural regions.